Selenium Chromedriver Interview Questions: A Comprehensive Guide

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Toptal sourced essential questions that the best Selenium developers and engineers can answer. Driven from our community, we encourage experts to submit questions and offer feedback.

How can I wait for a page to load or for an element on a page to show up?

To wait for a page to load, explicit wait can be used. Explicit waits stall until some specific condition is met. Although Thread. Sleep() is a type of explicit wait in which the thread stops for a set amount of time. This may not be the most reliable way to wait for a page to load.

For example, rather than using something like:

… where the thread sleeps for 30 seconds (30,000 milliseconds), the following can be used:

And Selenium waits until the given element shows up on the page or throws a TimeoutException after 30 seconds. 2 .

What is Page Object Model and Page Factory in Selenium?

Page Object Model in Selenium is a design pattern where web pages are represented using classes. Then, variables in the class can be used to store links to web page elements, and methods can be used to make the variables do things. This is a beautiful way to write test routines that are easy to read and will be easier to maintain and add to in the future.

When you set up “locators,” Page Factory will give each WebElement variable a reference to an element on the real web page that goes with it. Using annotations like @FindBy, you can set up ways to find elements and give them the information you need to be identified:

More about Page Object Model and Page Factory can be found here. 3 .

How do you deal with frame elements in Selenium on a page?

In order to manipulate frame and its content you must switch to it first. Like when you have to go to a different page before you can do something on this one:

… where index is the zero-based index of the frame. Switching the frame directs all further interactions through the driver towards the selected frame. The frame method also works with name, element ID and reference to already located elements.

To switch back to the default frame, the defaultContent method can be used:

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What are some differences between CSS selector and XPath based locators?

• CSS selectors are often easier to read than XPath. It’s likely that most front-end developers already know what CSS selectors are.
• Most modern web browsers support CSS selectors the same way, but not all of them support XPath engines the same way.
• CSS selectors work faster than XPath.

Because of these and other reasons, Selenium “best practices” say to use CSS selectors instead of XPath. 5 .

What is the best way to write a locator that finds paragraph elements that are the direct child of a div element or the descendant of a div element?

Immediate child:

An immediate child in XPath is defined indicated using “/”, while on CSS, it is indicated using “>”. For example, with XPath:

… and with CSS:

Descendent:

To find paragraph elements that are descendent to any div element (i. e. We can use “//” in XPath and just a space in CSS to show that the paragraph element is in the subtree rooted at the div element:

Briefly explain what the following snippet of Java code does:

A WebElement variable named sample is created, and an XPath search is used to set it up with a reference to an element that has the text value “data.” 7 .

How can you send text input to a focused element?

This can be done by simulating key presses on the focused element. One way is to perform “actions” on the web driver object:

An alternative way is to switch to the active element first, and send keys to it directly:

Why do we use headless drivers? How can you visually investigate test failure when using headless drivers?

Headless drivers are typically used in continuous integration (CI) setups. Headless drivers, such as PhantomJS, provide all standard web browser functionalities, but run in the command-line. Because these drivers are based on command-line tools and don’t show anything on the screen, they’re perfect for fully automated setups.

The developer needs to add ways to take screenshots so that they can look into test failures visually. If they don’t, they’ll have to rely on command line output. 9 .

Absolute XPaths and relative XPaths are not the same thing. Why are relative XPaths usually better than absolute XPaths in automated tests?

Absolute XPaths, in terms of web pages, start with the root element:

Relative XPaths, on the other hand, usually start with “//”:

It’s likely that both of these XPaths point to the same element on a web page, but the first one is more likely to break if the page is changed. In this case, if you move the table inside a div element, the absolute XPath won’t be able to find the th element. On the other hand, the relative XPath will still continue to work. 10 .

What is a hybrid framework in Selenium?

A hybrid framework is a combination of keyword- and data-driven frameworks. 11 .

What is StaleElementException ?

This is the error that is thrown when the called element is no longer connected to the DOM because of any reason.

There is more to interviewing than tricky technical questions, so these are intended merely as a guide. Not every good candidate for the job will be able to answer all of them, and answering all of them doesn’t mean they are a good candidate. At the end of the day, hiring remains an art, a science — and a lot of work.

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Selenium Interview Questions – 3 | Can we write ChromeDriver driver=new ChromeDriver() ?

FAQ

What is the difference between build() and perform() in Selenium?

Why should you use selenium webdriver?

Its flexibility allows for direct communication with the browser, enabling more precise control over actions performed during testing. In this article, we delve into a comprehensive list of interview questions focused on Selenium WebDriver.

What are the basic interview questions for selenium?

This guide has all the Selenium basic interview questions for freshers and Selenium interview questions and answers for experienced candidates to help prepare for the interview. 1) What is Selenium and what is composed of? 2) What is Selenium 2.0? 3) Mention what is Selenium 3.0? 4) How will you find an element using Selenium?

How to test selenium using Selenium WebDriver?

Write the test cases for Selenium testing using Selenium WebDriver to interact with the web application. Depending on your testing strategy, you can either run the two test suites separately or combine them into a single test suite.

What browsers does Selenium WebDriver support?

Selenium WebDriver supports multiple browsers including Chrome, Firefox, Safari and IE. To switch between different browsers or versions, you need to instantiate the respective browser’s driver class. For example, for Chrome use ‘WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver ();’ and for Firefox use ‘WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver ();’.